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We are two-thirds of the way through this year's horse racing Triple Crown. Did you know that 13 of the 15 jockeys in the first Kentucky Derby were Black and that Black jockeys won 15 of the first 28 Kentucky Derbies? And then there were none for 91 years. Learn about the history of racism in thoroughbred racing.

Watch
The forgotten Black jockeys of the Kentucky Derby
African-American Jockeys | Kentucky Life | KET
Honoring Cheryl White, a Pioneering Jockey - StoryCorps
Listen
Author Talks About The History Of Black Equestrian Erasure : NPR
Read
How African-Americans Disappeared From the Kentucky Derby
Black jockeys dominated the Kentucky Derby in in the 19th century
How and Why Black Riders Were Driven from American Racetracks | NBER
Jockey Ends 79-Year Absence - CBS News
Tales from Black History Month — The Pennsylvania Horse Racing Association
If asked, many of us would identify Chinese workers on the transcontinental railroad as the first group of Asian immigrants to arrive in the United States. In fact, Spanish records document the landing of Filipino workers from a Spanish ship in Morro Bay, California, in 1587, although they left within days. The first permanent residents from the Philippines had arrived in Louisiana by the early 1800s, where they fought against the British in the War of 1812 and developed the shrimp industry.

Filipino-American Origins through the Manila Galleon Trade
Who were the "Filipinos" of Morro Bay? (First Filipinos in the United States) #AskKirby
Saint-Malo: The first refuge settlement for Filipinos built in Louisiana
(1) Project Community: Filipino impact on Louisiana's seafood industry - YouTube
Who were the Manila Men? Filipinos deep in the Bayou!
The Challenges of Reclaiming Filipino Louisiana's Centuries-Old History - Atlas Obscura
If Filipinos were here first, shouldn’t this be the United States of the Philippines? | AALDEF
The First Asian American Settlement Was Established by Filipino Fishermen | HISTORY
Of the approximately 1,000 Women Air Service Pilots (WASP), five were minorities: two Chinese Americans, two Latinas and one Indigenous. Learn about Hazel Ying Lee and Maggie Gee and their important service during WWII.

The first Chinese American woman to fly for the US military: Hazel Ying Lee | Oregon Experience
(3) She Died Serving the U.S.—Then Was Denied a Hero’s Burial | Hazel Ying Lee - YouTube
Fearless Readers Author Talk: The Fearless Flights of Hazel Ying Lee
Maggie Gee, World War II WASPs Aviator
Hazel Ying Lee’s Trailblazing Legacy
How a Chinese-American Pilot Saved Lives in WWII — and Died Unknown
This Chinese American Aviatrix Overcame Racism to Fly for the U.S. During World War II
Karen, K-5 educator, reads Sky High: The True Story of Maggie Gee, by Marissa Moss
Like other women whose contributions to scientific advances were not sufficiently recognized, Chien-Shiung Wu's achievements were only belatedly acknowledged. Learn more about this Chinese-born physicist now hailed on both sides of the Pacific.

Chien-Shiung Wu: Physicist and Manhattan Project Contributor | The New York Historical
Chien-Shiung Wu: She Rewrote Physics, They Denied Her Nobel. | Actually History
USPS Chien-Shiung Wu Commemorative Forever® Stamp
Chien Shiung Wu – Introductions Necessary
The Queen of Nuclear Physics (Part One): Chien-Shiung Wu's Discovery : Short Wave : NPR
The Queen of Nuclear Physics (Part Two): Forming Chien-Shiung Wu's Story • Short Wave
Diverse Voices: Chien-Shiung Wu, “The Chinese Marie Curie” | Lemelson
A ‘Forever’ Stamp and a Discovery That Changed Physics Forever | NIST
First Lady of Physics Chien-Shiung Wu — Stamps Forever
May is Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Heritage Month. Learn about Dr. Margaret Chung, for whom becoming the first American born Chinese woman to graduate from an American medical school might be her least remarkable attribute.

The First American-Born Chinese Woman Doctor | American Masters | PBS
Dr. Margaret Chung -- Pioneer and Patriot -- The Documentary Project
Uncovering Margaret Chung and Her Little Jade Buddhas
Mothers: Dr. Margaret Chung: Womanica | Podcast Episode on Podbay
Dr. Margaret "Mom" Chung (U.S. National Park Service)
Dr. Margaret Chung: First American Born Chinese Woman Physician | Headlines & Heroes
War, Fame and Surgery: The Amazing Life of Margaret Chung, the First ABC Woman Surgeon
Atomic bomb testing was not the only type of radiation exposure affecting Native Americans. Working in uranium mines on or near their lands and living in proximity to the waste products from those mines was harmful. And then there was the largest accidental release of radiation in America--not as you might guess, Three Mile Island--the Church Rock spill 4 months later that went largely unreported outside the area but contaminated the environment even further.

Nuclear radiation takes a toll on entire populations but some have more vulnerabilities than others. The extensive nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site between 1951 and 1962, chosen because it was a sparsely populated area, has affected the entire region (and continent) but had an especially significant impact on the Shoshone nation.

Nuclear Fallout Impacts to the Western Shoshone Nation
Documentary ‘Downwind’ shows deadly consequences of nuclear testing on tribal lands - OPB
‘Downwind’: How Did America Create Its Own Nuclear Disaster? - Newsweek
Traditional lands of the Western Shoshone and Southern Paiutes. The... | Download Scientific Diagram
Downwinders Compensation: Eligibility, Amounts, and Claims - LegalClarity
In the late 1970s the toxic waste at Niagara Falls' Love Canal resulted in two dominant narratives: homeowner mothers who demanded various actions to protect the health of their children and the passing of Superfund legislation. Who was left out of those narratives and, despite nominally achieving their goal, most relief? The Black mothers in rental units across the street, equally concerned about the health of their children.

POISONED GROUND: THE TRAGEDY AT LOVE CANAL | Chapter 1 | American Experience | PBS - YouTube
The Black women of Love Canal who were erased from environmental history - EHN
The Black mothers who fought toxic waste in New York's Love Canal
A trio of black women who helped... - Beyond the Railroad | Facebook
Earth Month is a good opportunity to learn more about environmental justice. How did Chicagoan Hazel M. Johnson become known as the mother of environmental Justice?

Mother of Environmental Justice: Hazel M. Johnson
From the WTTW Archive | Hazel Johnson on Pollution on Chicago's Southeast Side | WTTW
The Hazel M. Johnson Fellowship Program - Black Girl Environmentalist 2026
Living on Earth: Black History Month and Environmental Justice
Hazel M. Johnson: The trailblazing mother of environmental justice
Hazel M. Johnson, ‘Mother of the Environmental Justice Movement’ | Chicago Public Library
BHM: Honoring Activist Hazel M. Johnson, The "Mother of Environmental Justice"
City of Chicago :: Mayor Brandon Johnson Introduces the Hazel Johnson Cumulative Impacts Ordinance
What if all of the theological thinking to which you were exposed was the product of a relatively narrow lens? (Thinking of the ubiquitous White Jesus portrait here) Black liberation theology and feminist theology challenged the traditional way of teaching and preaching but still omitted a significant group: Black women. For this last week of Women's History Month learn about Womanist Theology and some of its notable scholars.

Womanist Biblical Hermeneutics | ANNOTATE
(1) Created in the Imago Dei: Rev. Dr. Katie Cannon - YouTube
Black Liberation and Womanist Theology
Delores S. Williams, Groundbreaking Womanist Theologian, Dies | Sojourners
Womanist Preacher and Pioneer – Dr. Jacquelyn Grant – Misogynoir to Mishpat Research Network
Journey to Liberation: The Legacy of Womanist Theology
What Manner Of Woman - A Short Documentary Film
A Womanist Queer Theology | The Pamela Lightsey Interview
Womanist Theology | American Black Journal Full Episode
2017 Women in Ministry Conference | Keynote Address: Rev. Dr. Katie Geneva Cannon
The Bible For Normal People - Episode 145: Emilie Townes - The Wisdom of Hope
The desire and ability to spread the word of God knows no gender, although women have frequently encountered obstacles. From the early days of the AME church, Jarena Lee, sought to preach, was rebuffed, and finally licensed to do so. More than 200 years later her unstinting efforts were recognized and she was officially ordained.

Jarena Lee: Called and Courageous | A Story of Faith and Purpose
Jarena Lee first Black female preacher in the AME Church | UMC.org
Jarena Lee and the Early A.M.E. Church | National Museum of African American History and Culture
Microsoft PowerPoint - 2016 jarena lee 12 pg program draft (from Rev Laptop - 2)
Although opposed by the male hierarchy, three women persisted and became preachers or elders in the AME Zion Church in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Learn more about Julia Foote, Mary Small, and Florence Spearing Randolph.

Mary J. Small - Black Women's Religious Activism
Hidden figures: How black women preachers spoke truth to power – Scalawag
Florence Spearing Randolph - New Jersey Women's History
African American Women and the Drive for Suffrage | Digital Exhibits
"Walking With Jesus" hosted by Dr. CNichole featuring Rev Florence Spearing Randolph HD 720p
Sadly, the origin of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church mirrors the creation of the AME denomination: a northern church in the late 1700s with Black and White worshippers became unwelcoming to their Black brethren, who then started their own church. Learn more about this vibrant Black denomination.

What's the difference between AME and AME Zion?
“A” is for African Methodist Episcopal Church Zion | South Carolina Public Radio
Unsung Heroes of Methodism: James Varick | UMC.org
Microsoft Word - HIstory of The AME Zion Church.docx
Beyond the Village and Back: Harlem’s Mother A.M.E. Zion Church - Village Preservation
Colleges & Universities - The A.M.E. Zion Church
It is Women's History Month. This year's theme is Leading the Change: Women Shaping a Sustainable Future. Mary McLeod Bethune's life touched many aspects of sustainability: financial sustainability, community resilience, leadership succession, and intergenerational equity. Learn about the impact that she made as an educator and advisor to several Presidents.

(1) Nikole Hannah-Jones on 1619, 1776 and The Idea of America - YouTube (History of Bethune-Cookman University)
Mary McLeod Bethune Stuff You Missed in History Class | iHeart
Papers of Howard Thurman | Bethune, Mary McLeod
Rev. Dr. James Cone, was ordained in the AME church and founder of Black Liberation Theology. His experiences with racism, the assassination of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr., and Euro-centric teachings in seminary led to him developing a new approach to Christian interpretation. Cone upended Christian theology by centering blackness as part of God’s essential nature. He connected the brutality of the cross to the practice of lynching in America, asserting that Jesus was the “first lynchee.” Learn more about Black Theology and James Cone's body of work.

This was James Cone's question as he was developing black theology
James Cone on the Cross and the Lynching Tree
Cornell West - Cone Funeral Comments
This Far by Faith . James Cone | PBS
The Transition of James H. Cone - AME Church
Why James Cone Was the Most Important Theologian of His Time | Sojourners
In Memoriam: Dr. James Hal Cone - Union Theological Seminary
Howard Thurman (1899–1981) was an influential African American author, philosopher, theologian, and educator who served as a key mentor to Martin Luther King Jr. and a foundational architect of the nonviolent Civil Rights Movement.

Backs Against The Wall: The Howard Thurman Story
Howard Thurman on Religious Experience
Howard Thurman’s Jesus and the Disinherited as a Framework for Victory - AAIHS
“Life Goes On:” A Meditation from Howard Thurman - AAIHS
A Thanksgiving Prayer by Howard Thurman | Preaching Grace on the Square
"The Sound of the Genuine" | Howard Thurman | from the 1980 Commencement Speech at Spelman College
"Howard Thurman and the Habit of Stillness"
Howard Thurman's Mystical Activism: Connection, Alienation, and Black Vitality / Sameer Yadav
‘What Makes You Come Alive: A Spiritual Walk With Howard Thurman’ | Faith and Leadership
When John Wesley, who opposed chattel slavery, established Methodism in what became the United States, there were no racial distinctions in worship. Eventually White leaders began imposing restrictions on their Black brethren. This resulted in Blacks leaving the church in the late 1700s and officially establishing their own denomination, the African Methodist Episcopal Church, in the early 1800s. As we begin Black History Month, learn more about the AME Church and its founders.

What Is African Methodist Episcopal Church? - Churches Of Faith
Fever: 1793 - Richard Allen: Apostle of Freedom
FULL VIDEO: Metropolitan AME Church pastor talks recent legal victory over 'Proud Boys' trademark
AME Church's Stance on Same-Sex Marriage: A Fight for Inclusion
The Origins of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, Richard Allen, memoir, 1833
Our Pastoral History - Mother Bethel AME
Washington, DC: Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church (U.S. National Park Service)
The African Methodist Episcopal Church: A History, Chapter 1 Summary
The African Methodist Episcopal Church: A History, Chapter 2 Summary
The African Methodist Episcopal Church: A History, Chapter 3 Summary
The African Methodist Episcopal Church: A History, Chapter 4 Summary
The African Methodist Episcopal Church: A History, Chapter 5 Summary
One of the legacies that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., left in Chicago was Operation Breadbasket, an organization headed by Jesse Jackson that methodically pursued economic justice. Learn more about the operation and hear from the Methodist minister who participated.

Operation Breadbasket And The Fight For Civil Rights In Chicago
Operation Breadbasket | The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute
The Origins Of Operation Breadbasket By Dr. David M Wallace – South Side Drive Magazine
Reverend Willie T. Barrow, A 'Little Warrior' For Civil Rights, Dies : Code Switch : NPR
Birmingham, Montgomery, Selma, Memphis: those are among the cities with which Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, actions for civil rights are associated. But he also campaigned against racial injustice in the North, specifically through the Chicago Freedom Movement in 1965 and 1966. Learn more about his time in Chicago in this week's resources.

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s Chicago Crusade
Power, Politics, & Pride: Dr. King's Chicago Crusade | WTTW Chicago
50 Years Ago, Martin Luther King Jr. Fought For Open Housing In Chicago : NPR
Martin Luther King Jr Photo: The Story Behind Chicago Attack | TIME
A Collection of Rare Color Photographs Depicts MLK Leading the Chicago Freedom Movement
Search results for: kleina, bernard, page 1 | Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution
Raby, Albert | The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute
Dorothy Tillman – Chicago Freedom Movement
Why Did MLK Move to North Lawndale?
Episode 19: 1966 Chicago Freedom Movement - The World House | iHeart
Chapter 28: Chicago Campaign | The Martin Luther King, Jr. Research and Education Institute
King’s Message to Chicago: The Unfinished Task
Martin Luther King Jr.’s 1966 Chicago Campaign – Chicago Magazine
We will be celebrating America's 250th birthday this year as well as some of its antecedents, such as Paul Revere's ride in 1775. Many students (and former students) learned at least some of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem about Revere but maybe not that it was less about the Revolutionary War than an effort to rally support in the North for the Civil War. Find out more about Longfellow's support of abolition in this week's resources.

Longfellow | Sparks of History (Ep. 8)
Perspectives: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow | National Portrait Gallery
Listen, my children, and you shall hear what actually happened with Paul Revere | WBUR News
"Paul Revere's Ride": Awakening Abolitionists, by Jill Lepore, American Educator, Summer 2011, AFT
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s stark, unheeded “Warning” on slavery - Library of America
Land grant colleges were established by the Morrill Act in 1862 and historically Black land grant colleges were established by the Second Morrill Act in 1890. It was more than a century later that Tribal Colleges achieved land grant status. Learn more about the founding of tribal colleges and universities, their mission, and their challenges.

Watch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbEh1bV12wU
State of the American Indian College Fund - 2025
Read
The Four R’s Of A New Narrative Regarding Tribal Colleges | Land-Grant Truth Blog
Joe McDonald on the Passage of the 1994 Land Grant Act
Congress Is Underfunding Tribal Colleges by $250 Million Per Year — ProPublica
Listen
Tribal Colleges and Universities by The Center for Native American Youth
Tribal colleges are a unique resource — and they're under threat | Code Switch
Read
USDA NIFA 1994 Land-grant Institutions: The First 30 Years
Many Colleges, One Vision: A History of the American Indian Higher Education Consortium
The 1862 law through which land grant colleges were established did not prohibit discrimination and accordingly many states refused to admit Blacks. Congress addressed that issue by the second Morrill Act, passed in 1890, which authorized the establishment of separate institutions for Blacks in those states. But have states kept up with their obligations to match the federal funds appropriated for their Black institutions the same way that they have for majority White ones?

Historically Black colleges and universities fight to make up funding deficits
HBCUs have been underfunded by $12 billion, federal officials reveal : NPR
Tale of Two Morrill Acts: 1890 Historically Black Land-Grant Universities | AGDAILY
1890 Land-Grant Universities: Background and Selected Issues
Land-grant-but-unequal-state-one-to-one-match-funding-for-1890-land-grant-universities.pdf
The 1890 and 1994 Land-Grant Colleges (4/26/2019) – The Friday Footnote
Virginia has two land grant universities initially funded through the Morrill Acts' mechanism of the sale of tribal land in the west. Virginia Tech did not admit its first Black undergraduate until 1953 and did not permit his participation in campus life, in contrast to foreign students decades earlier who were able to fully engage in college activities. Learn more about the founding of Virginia Tech, its desegregation, and its 21st century efforts to acknowledge its past.

Irving L Peddrew III Class of 2023 Ring Namesake
Virginia Tech to rename some dorms with ties to white supremacists | 13newsnow.com
Virginia Polytechnic Institute | Land Grab Universities
The Early Years / Campus Over Time Historical Marker
Land Acknowledgement and Labor Recognition | InclusiveVT | Virginia Tech
Virginia Tech Magazine Feature 1
Finding a home with the Hoge family – News Messenger
Virginia Tech Building Rename Writeup | flecks
Virginia Tech Pioneers from China – Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives
A Native American opera singer who performed at the Metropolitan Opera in 1918? One of many Native American performers from the early 20th century whose lives and talents have since been obscured, learn about Tsianina Redfeather.

Tsianina Redfeather Evans Blackstone on Vimeo
November 3: Tsianina Redfeather in Bismarck | Prairie Public
The Forgotten History of Tsianina Redfeather, the Beloved American Indian Opera Singer
Tsianina Redfeather - Beyond the Spectacle: Native North American Presence in Britain
Princess Red Feather History | Red Feather Historical Society
Company reflects on the real woman who inspired I Call myself Princess | Regina Leader Post
Land grant colleges and universities, primarily established under the Morrill Act in 1862, have long been praised for the democratization of higher education (although democratization generally meant white males). But whose land was granted for founding those schools? In the last decade scholars have focused on the fact that almost 11 million acres of land previously inhabited by Native Americans and taken over by the federal government through one means or another was the source of funding under the Morrill Act. Learn more about how land in the west funded schools in the east as well as continuing sources of income through extractive processes in this week's resources.

An Unacknowledged Legacy: Land Grant Colleges and the Dispossession of American Indians
Investigation reveals how universities profit off land taken from Indigenous people | PBS News
What does it really mean to be a land-grant college? | UCR News | UC Riverside
Land-Grant or Land Grab Universities? - Belt Magazine
Land Acknowledgement and Labor Recognition | InclusiveVT | Virginia Tech
Veterans Day is November 11. Let's celebrate the Native American Women who have served in the armed forces, including the four Native American Catholic nuns who served in the Spanish American War, nurses in World War I, a WASP pilot from World War II, Grace Thorpe (daughter of the famous athlete), and remember the first Native American woman who died in overseas combat.

The Badass Women of WWII - Episode 1 - Ola Millie Rexroat #BadassWomen #History #WWII #WASP
World War II WASP: Ola Mildred Rexroat (Aired March 1, 2016 on KEVN TV)
Lori Piestewa, Native American Soldier and Hero | History
Native American Servicewomen: Yesterday and Today | NVMM
Women in the Military - Native American Military Stories
The first Native American women to serve in the U.S. military
On the Western Front: Two Iroquois Nurses in World War I | NMAI Magazine
Army Nurse Corps - World War I Centennial site
Native American Heritage Month begins November 1. Despite being systematically deprived of their ancestral land by European settlers, including those with who they had formed alliances, the Haudenosaunee (called Iroquois by the French) have maintained a confederacy of six nations for more than one thousand years.

Haudenosaunee’s Legendary Founding | Native America | Sacred Stories | PBS
Haudenosaunee | Women and Governance
Haudenosaunee Thanksgiving Address – 20 | Dance For All People
Haudenosaunee Thanksgiving Address
Past biases create present-day hurdles for Six Nations historians | Buffalo Toronto Public Media
The Six Nations Confederacy During the American Revolution (U.S. National Park Service)
If there was one consistency among slaveholders in the North and South, it was fear that those they were holding in bondage would demand their freedom by force. In 1712 enslaved people in New York City did just that and in 1741 there was thought to be a larger conspiracy with severe repercussions. Learn more about these events in colonial America in this week's resources.

Burning the City of New York Part 1: The Rebellions of 1712 and 1741
Burning the City of New York Part 2: Perspectives on the 1741 Rebellion
The New York Slave Revolt of 1712
1741 NYC Slave Conspiracy: Truth or Paranoia?
The New York Slave Revolt of 1712 Was a Bloody Prelude to Decades of Hardship
For some of us, our knowledge of the War of 1812 can be summarized as follows: Dolly Madison saved the portrait of George Washington; the British burned the White House; Americans fought off the British at Fort McHenry resulting in Francis Scott Key writing the Star Spangled Banner; and the flag is on display at the Smithsonian. Who contributed to the British successes in the mid-Atlantic? Escaped slaves who became the Corps of Colonial Marines and were resettled after the war.

The War of 1812 | Blacks in the War
The British Corps of Colonial Marines | American Battlefield Trust
Second Corps of Colonial Marines
Colonial Marines - Star-Spangled Banner National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service)
National Forests in Florida | Underground Railroad: Fort Gadsen | Forest Service
War of 1812 Quick Facts American Battlefield Trust
Try to imagine a time where there were so few legal family planning choices that one-third of Puerto Rican women availed themselves of the option to be sterilized. This week learn about Helen Rodriguez-Trias, a Puerto Rican physician instrumental in the fight for women's and children's health and for reproductive justice.

The Latina doctor who advocated for the disability community #Shorts #Documentary #History
♫ Health + Wellness: Helen Rodríguez Trías
Dr. Helen Rodríguez Trías (U.S. National Park Service)
Helen Rodriguez-Trias (1929-2001) – Against the Current
Dr. Helen Rodríguez-Trías: A Latina Champion for Public Health - Salud America
Get a Health Equity Report Card for Your Area! - Salud America
Get a Health Equity Report Card for Your Area! - Salud America
Between late 1960 and 1962, the United States welcomed 14,000 unaccompanied minors from Cuba in an airlift that became known as Operacion Pedro Pan. Most of them were ultimately reunited with their parents, although in many cases the separations were much longer than originally anticipated. Looking back as adults they generally appreciate the sacrifice their parents made to permit them to grow up in a free country.

Smithsonian Legacy of Pedro Pan
Carlos Eire: A Cuban-American Searches For Roots | Fresh Air Archive: Interviews with Terry Gross
Waiting for snow in Havana: confessions of a Cuban boy | Arlington Public Library
Learning to die in Miami : further confessions of a Cuban boy / | Arlington Public Library
Operation Pedro Pan : the migration of unaccompanied children... | Arlington Public Library
We are familiar with the Great Migration by Blacks during the twentieth century but was there a similar movement associated with Hispanic populations? Learn about aspects of various populations who have moved within the Americas.
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Hispanic Heritage Month has begun! While most of us are familiar with Ellis Island and many are aware of Angel Island, the "Ellis Island of the West," fewer are aware that El Paso has historically been a significant entry point for immigrants. Find out more about the "Ellis Island of the Southwest."

In Texas, A Struggle To Preserve Historic Duranguito Neighborhood : NPR
Border Neighborhoods Named As Endangered Historic Sites
Wartime laborers from Mexico are finally recognized with new Texas landmark : NPR
The Other Ellis Island – Texas Monthly
The US Forced Mexicans to Take Kerosene Baths Which Inspired the Nazis - Business Insider
Would you have known that East Texas and Western Louisiana were among the top lumber producers in the early 20th century? It would probably be less of a surprise that owners were hostile to the demands of their workers and to attempts to organize the labor force. Through the Brotherhood of Timber Workers, Industrial Workers of the World (which had successfully organized diverse groups in New England textile mills) was successful in unionizing an interracial work force but could not survive the violence meted out by owners.

Brotherhood of Timber Workers Founding in 1910
Today marks 113 years since Grabow riot in DeRidder
The Bloody Bogalusa Massacre, 1919 - A Tale of Interracial Labor Solidarity | TikTok
Brotherhood of Timber Workers - 64 Parishes
Grabow Riot (Massacre) - 64 Parishes
Leather Britches Smith - 64 Parishes
Alexandria LA – WE NEVER FORGET
Nov. 22, 1919: Bogalusa Labor Massacre, Attack on Interracial Solidarity - Zinn Education Project
We just finished celebrating Labor Day, a recognition of American workers. Did you know that early labor-organizing efforts were limited to skilled workers, leaving the vast majority of unskilled workers unrepresented and at the mercy of their employers? The Lawrence textile workers strike of 1912, also known as the Bread and Roses Strike, broke new ground as far as organizing and strike tactics.

Motorsports encompasses a wide variety of vehicles and venues from go karts to Formula 1, with racism present at all levels. In recent weeks we have learned more about NASCAR and the Indy 500 historically. This week we focus on a few of the other types of racing.

UPPITY: The Willy T. Ribbs Story (trailer)
NASCAR: Its History Of Racism And Relations With The Confederate Flag : NPR
The Black American Racers fought for equity in auto racing | National Museum of American History
Racing past racism: NASCAR and its haunting historical fanbase – Annenberg Media
The Hamilton Commission’s Findings of Racism in F1 Are Damning
If your history books led you to believe that racism was an issue confined to the South, you might be surprised to learn that it was so entrenched in Indiana that the famed Indianapolis 500 did not have a Black driver until 1991. To showcase their talents, Black drivers who were shut out of the Indy 500 launched their own successful racing organization and the Gold and Glory Sweepstakes.

What American sport had its origins in bootlegging? NASCAR. But while bootlegging was equal opportunity, NASCAR was not, steadfastly rejecting integration. Learn about Wendell Scott, the Danville resident who became the first successful Black NASCAR driver.

Wendell Scott Untold NASCAR Story: Robbery, Struggle & Triumph
Wendell Scott's son, grandson discuss his career and legacy | Coffee With Kyle | Motorsports on NBC
Wendell Scott's Legacy in NASCAR Today | feat. Warrick Scott & Brehanna Daniels
♫ Wendell Scott: Black NASCAR Driver in the Jim Crow Era, Pt. 1
♫ Wendell Scott: Black NASCAR Driver in the Jim Crow Era, Pt. 2
On August 6, 1965, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 formally established the rights enshrined in the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. This week's resources examine the interplay between them and current status of the Voting Rights Act.

50th Anniversary of the Voting Rights Act | Library of Congress (loc.gov)
The Docket: The Rise And Fall Of The Voting Rights Act Of 1965 : The NPR Politics Podcast : NPR
The 15th Amendment and the right to vote - Podcast | Constitution Center
The Promise and Pitfalls of the 15th Amendment Over 150 Years | Brennan Center for Justice
A Pivotal Time for Voting Rights | Brennan Center for Justice
There has been widespread lack of acknowledgement that Black people have lived in Appalachia for generations and contributed extensively to its culture. The correction for that gave rise to the term Affrilachian. Take this opportunity to learn more about the writers, musicians, and artists who call themselves Affrilachians.

Author and scholar takes readers through the mountains and kitchens of Appalachia in new book
The Word That Changed Appalachia Forever - Salvation South
How Black poets and writers gave a voice to ‘Affrilachia’
An Asheville Powerhouse Chef Digs Into the Roots of Black Appalachian Cuisine | The Root
Excerpt From 'AFFRILACHIA: TESTIMONIES' - Deep South Magazine
Accompanying the unfounded belief that Appalachia has been historically White, is the assumption that the main industry, coal mining, was also White. This week learn about Black coal miners and the deep cultural roots planted there.

Appalachia is generally understood to be and to have been exclusively White. This week's resources show us that, in fact, Blacks have continuously lived in Appalachia, arriving either as freedmen or involuntarily, and contributing to what we understand as Appalachian culture.

Black in Appalachia: Showcasing Black Appalachian History | The Appalachian Retelling Project
Stolen Stories: Reclaiming the lives of East Tennessee slaves
The Profound Influence of African Americans on Appalachian Culture – Echoes of Appalachia
The Lost History of Freemen in Appalachia | Blue Ridge Tales
Bluefield welcomes the smallest historic district in West Virginia
Yall Aint Heard Us? Black Identity and Belonging in Appalachian Virginia (PhD Dissertation)
There has been a lot of talk about kings lately but after the Civil War an actual kingdom was established in the United States, the Kingdom of the Happy Land. Learn about this Kingdom of freed people along the North and South Carolina borders.

Pride Month wraps up as the summer reading season is getting underway. The American Library Association's Stonewall Book Awards provide lots of possibilities to expand your reading list. And good news, many of the books are available through your public library!

Barbara Gittings Literature Award
Barbara Gittings POETRY Award
Israel Fishman Nonfiction Award
Mike Morgan & Larry Romans Children’s & Young Adult Literature Award
Stonewall Honor Books Literature
Stonewall Honor Books in Non-Fiction
Stonewall Honor Books in Children’s and Young Adult Literature
Have LGBTQ+ individuals always been welcomed in outdoor spaces? This week meet some activists who have worked to ensure that everyone is welcome and some who have found other ways to support a healthy planet for everyone.

Meet Environmentalist Drag Queen Pattie Gonia
Why Joy Is a Serious Way to Take Action | Pattie Gonia | TED
Forces of Good: So a Drag Queen Walks into a Mountain Town… - Outside Online
Perry Cohen, Founder of The Venture Out Project - The Inquiry Series: Exploring Inclusivity
Finding queer joy and empowerment outdoors
5Talks meets Queer Brown Vegan Isaias Hernandez | Imagine5 & Time for Better
Isaias Hernandez started his organization "Queer Brown Vegan" with a mission to fight climate change
Living on Earth: Queer Brown Vegan
My Story - Isaias Hernandez | Environmentalist & Storyteller
Brooklyn's bike-powered compost service - YouTube
Episode 2: Community, Compost, and Climate – Climate Check
Finding Your Way as an Environmentalist in Rural America — Even if You’re LGBT • The Revelator
Although climate change affects everyone, it does not affect everyone equally, hitting marginalized communities much harder. This week learn about how climate change affects the LGBTQ+ community.

Youth Climate Activist Jamie Margolin on the intersection of the climate justice and LGBTQ movements
How climate change and LGBTQ rights intersect | The Common
How climate change affects the LGBTQ+ Community - Earth Day
4 Ways the Climate Crisis Impacts LGBTQI+ People | Earth.Org
LGBTQ+ people are more at risk of adverse effects of climate change - LGBTQ Nation
Wearing clothing not in accordance with the gender assigned at birth is not a new phenomenon, dating back millennia. In the mid 1800s some US cities began criminalizing crossdressing or masquerading or using other catchall crimes such as vagrancy to police what people wore. Learn more about this topic in this week's resources.

Why Was Crossdressing Illegal?
Bills targeting drag have a long history in the U.S., says historian : NPR
A formerly enslaved man as the first drag queen and gay activist? As unlikely as that combination might seem, learn about William Dorsey Swann in this week's resources.

The First Queen of Drag - Civics & Coffee (podcast) | Listen Notes
William Dorsey Swann, the First Self-Proclaimed Drag Queen, Was a Formerly Enslaved Man
Thousands of American troops and civilians occupied Japan after World War II and despite a short-lived no-fraternization policy, many American men married Japanese women. Learn more about the legislation that was required so that the brides could join their husbands in the US, "bride school," and first-hand accounts of the lives of resilient women who came to the US.

Japanese War Brides: An Oral History Archive – Stories from across the United States as told to a daughter of a war bride (Multiple oral history vignettes)
Anti-Japanese sentiment caused the US and Japan to enter the Gentlemen's Agreement restricting the immigration of most Japanese men between 1907 and 1924 but not their wives. Most of the Japanese men already on the West Coast and Hawaii were not married so this provision seemed like it would have had little applicability. The workaround? Photographs, matchmakers, proxy marriages, and wharf weddings, all of which resulted in tens of thousands of "picture brides" journeying to America and joining husbands they had never met.

SHIPS - Japanese Immigration by Steamship and Picture Brides with Kelli Nakamura, Part I
SHIPS - Japanese Immigration and Picture Brides with Kelli Nakamura, Part II
The "Picture Bride Problem": Experiences of and Attitudes Toward Japanese Picture Brides in California, 1908-1920 | DG (particularly pages 62-72 pertaining to Methodist and other Christian organizations)
In the early 1900s, racism against Japanese immigrants increased on the West Coast, particularly San Francisco, threatening diplomatic ties between the US and Japan. The administration of President Theodore Roosevelt, who ostensibly held the Japanese in high regard, crafted an agreement in 1907 whereby Japan voluntarily restricted emigration, known as the Gentlemen's Agreement. (Canada had its own Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan at roughly the same time.) Next week we will explore one of the results of the Gentlemen's Agreement, the arrival of Picture Brides.

The Gentlemen's Agreement: Restricting Japanese Immigration to America
The Gentleman's Agreement of 1907 - YouTube
As Earth month draws to a close, we will learn a little about sanitation justice, particularly the almost 25% of households that rely on septic systems for waste disposal and the intersection with public health. Despite the possibility that progress would be made in one locality, a recent announcement curtailed that.

Catherine Flowers: Confronting Failing Wastewater Systems | TED Talk
In rural Virginia, sea level rise swamps septic systems. A local partnership is testing a solution.
When Dietrich Bonhoeffer visited Harlem during his time at Columbia, he would have encountered a wide variety of entertainment venues: clubs, ballrooms, speakeasies and more. And among those, some featured Black performers that did not permit Black audiences, some were integrated, and some catered to LGBTQ+. Find out more about some of these historic places.

March Madness . . . and the Harlem Renaissance? Not quite, but close: this week learn about the Black-owned professional basketball team that called Harlem home during the Harlem Renaissance. Hint: it's not the Harlem Globetrotters, which was a team from Chicago capitalizing on the Harlem name.

The New York Rens: Keeping The Legacy Alive - YouTube
Fairfax County Public Library (On the Shoulders of Giants, My Personal Journey Through the Harlem Renaissance, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar)
The black fives : the epic story of basketball's forgotten era / | Arlington Public Library
Historian Henry Louis Gates has said that the Harlem Renaissance "was surely as gay as it was black." In the last week of Women's History Month, learn about some women who today would be part of the LGBTQ community.

The writings and activism of Black, bisexual feminist Alice Dunbar-Nelson
Renaissance Women: Nella Larsen • Womanica
Renaissance Women: Edna Lewis Thomas
The Great Blues Singer Gladys Bentley Broke All the Rules | Smithsonian
You can probably name several notable figures from the Harlem Renaissance but how many of them are women? This week learn about a sculptor and a writer who may be new to you.

Georgia Douglas Johnson -- at the Heart of the New Negro Renaissance
♫ Renaissance Women: Georgia Douglas Johnson
Johnson - Song of America Song of America
Sculptor Augusta Savage Said Her Legacy Was The Work Of Her Students : NPR
Dietrich Bonhoeffer had a PhD when he arrived in New York to study at Columbia University's Union Theological Seminary in 1930. Through classmate A. Franklin Fisher, he was introduced to and began attending Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, learning firsthand about racism and response to racism in America. Learn more about this historical Black church, founded in 1808.

Our Lenten study this year (2025) is The Cost of Discipleship by theologian Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Did you know that Bonhoeffer spent time in Harlem during the Harlem Renaissance and is said to have been influenced by what he experienced there? This week's resources provide a general overview of that period in Black history, to be followed in coming weeks by more specific topics.

Episode 49: The Harlem Renaissance (15minutehistory.org)
Hurston & Hughes: Two Major Figures of The Harlem Renaissance | The New York Public Library
March is Women's History Month and this year's theme is Moving Forward Together! Women Educating & Inspiring Generations. Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University) is well-known for its founder, Booker T. Washington, but not for the women associated with its educational and other programs during its early years. Learn about the contributions of a Tuskegee teacher and founder of the first Black chapter of the Red Cross in Alabama, the librarian who was a suffragist, and the three wives who made their own educational contributions.

Bess Bolden Walcott | They Dared! - YouTube
Margaret Murray Washington, Educator & Suffragist - YouTube
They Dared! | Adella Hunt Logan
Margaret Murray Washington pioneered women's education
Bess Bolden Walcott - Encyclopedia of Alabama
Alabama Women's Hall of Fame - Bess Bolden Walcott
Olivia America Davidson (1854-1889) | Ohio University
Margaret Murray Washington (U.S. National Park Service)
Margaret Murray Washington — A Woman's Place
Just as Well as He: Adella Hunt Logan (U.S. National Park Service)
Adella Hunt Logan: Suffragist and Educator | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
In bondage to George Washington and ultimately released, albeit involuntarily, by Robert E. Lee: learn the remarkable history, accomplishments, and local connections of Charles Syphax and the similar connections of his wife Maria. The couple and other family members are remembered for their remarkable legacy.

Did you know that the poet, Langston Hughes', full name was John Mercer Langston Hughes? He was named after his great uncle, John Mercer Langston, a man who accumulated a long list of "firsts" during his lifetime and who was recognized in Arlington with the 1925 naming of the Langston School for him. Learn more about his accomplishments in this week's resources.

John Mercer Langston - African American Trailblazers - YouTube
Virginia History - Sept 22 - John Mercer Langston by wtju
From Lee Highway to Langston Boulevard / | Arlington Public Library
Many of us are aware that Arlington became the first school district in Virginia to admit Black students to a white public school and have seen the photo of the four students who did so. When a new middle school was opened in 2019 it was named for a plaintiff in a lawsuit that led to those four students being admitted, Dorothy Hamm. This mid-20th Century activist was not content with limited de-segregation and focused on athletics, voting, and public accommodations as well. Hear her daughter's remarks at the ribbon-cutting of the new school and learn more about her activism in this week's resources.

The Black History Month theme for 2025 is African Americans and Labor. This week, delve into the history of domestic workers and their efforts at organizing. Spend some time in the Labor History Project timeline to gain more understanding of the depth and breadth of the subject and then learn a little more about some of the major participants and issues.

Premilla Nadasen, "Household Workers Unite"
Martin Luther King, Jr. had hoped that President Johnson's War on Poverty would provide economic support to the poor but saw that "war" de-emphasized as the Vietnam War escalated. What was the War on Poverty and why do many consider it a failure?

This is the weekend when we celebrate the life of Martin Luther King, Jr., of course well known for the accomplishments of the civil rights movement. Did you know that when he sought to advocate for an end to U.S. involvement in Vietnam that was consuming lives and resources in the 1960s, he was basically admonished to stay in his lane? Despite being denounced for his stance, he powerfully preached on the subject. This week read or listen to his sermon at Riverside Church from April 1967 or hear the shorter version, a lecture for the CBC later that year, and then explore other sources on the subject.

Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence ~ MLK Speech 1967
MLK: Beyond Vietnam - A Time to Break Silence (audio)
Martin Luther King Speaks! "Conscience and the War in Vietnam" Massey Lecture Two (audio)
Martin Luther King at the UN for an Anti-Vietnam War Demonstration (15 April 1967) (first and last several minutes are silent)
In the mid-1800s, New York City was teeming with immigrants and their children, but lacked social services. Enter a Protestant minister (sometimes said to be Methodist) who was concerned about the estimated 10,000 to 30,000 children living on the streets. Thus, he founded the Children's Aid Society, establishing lodging houses and industrial schools. What he is also remembered for is finding new--Protestant--homes for hundreds of thousands of children far away from their impoverished pasts, also known as the orphan trains. This was then copied by other aid societies with their own religious agenda.

AF-086: The American Orphan Trains | Ancestral Findings Podcast - YouTube
Like many musicians of color, Mary Cardwell Dawson was denied the opportunity to use her gifts and training. Her response: to create a music empire, culminating in the founding of the National Negro Opera Company. Learn more about her and efforts to preserve her legacy.

How Mary Cardwell Dawson's opera company influenced Pittsburgh’s music scene | 90.5 WESA
The Fight to Save the National Negro Opera Company House | National Trust for Historic Preservation
Music in Black Pittsburgh: Reclaiming a Community | Secret Pittsburgh
Famous Opera Company Gets Its Own Opera | Pittsburgh Magazine
MusicalAmerica - New England Conservatory Honors Alumna Mary Cardwell Dawson with Portrait Unveiling
One of the relatively unknown Black participants in the Revolutionary War had significant ties to Virginia and one of its educational institutions. Learn about John Chavis, thought to be the Nation's first Black college graduate and first Black Presbyterian pastor, for whom a residence hall at Washington and Lee University was recently named.

Other than Crispus Attucks, were any persons of color mentioned with regard to the Revolutionary War? Were you aware that 700 or more such patriots encamped at Valley Forge during their frigid winter? There were, in fact, Blacks participating in significant numbers on both the Patriot and Loyalist sides.

Black Soldiers of the Revolutionary War - YouTube
James Horton on Slavery and the American Revolution
Broken Promises And Black Revolutionary War Soldiers | WETA
10 Facts: Black Patriots in the American Revolution | American Battlefield Trust
African Americans in the Revolutionary War | George Washington's Mount Vernon
Did your high school literature anthologies contain any Native American poets? In the last two decades the works of Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, an Ojibwe poet who lived between 1800 and 1842, have been found and recognized for their contributions to American literature, as have her contributions to ethnography of Native Americans. As Native American Heritage Month closes, learn more about her.

Mazinaajimowin (poetry): "To the Pine Tree" by Jane Johnston Schoolcraft | The North 103.3 FM
“She Could Look Into the Heavens”: Ojibwe Poet Jane Johnston Schoolcraft | From the Catbird Seat
Native Culture: Jane Johnston Schoolcraft, the First American Indian Poet - ICT News
Invocation by Jane Johnston Schoolcraft - Poems | Academy of American Poets
A short-lived program between 1934 and about 1950 sought to reverse the official Government policies toward indigenous people. During the period of the Indian Reorganization Act, colloquially known as the Indian New Deal, tribes had more opportunity for self-governance and to engage in traditional cultural practices, among other things. It was not especially successful and more destructive policies were again enacted into law in the early 1950s. Read about the Indian New Deal here.

"Poor, Even Extremely Poor": The Unambiguous Findings of the Meriam Report - YouTube
American Indians and the New Deal | Living New Deal
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
Franklin Delano Roosevelt: A New Deal for Indians - ICT News
Indian Reorganization Act (Indian New Deal) | Colorado Encyclopedia
“Indian New Deal” – Pieces of History
[Rebuilding Indian Country] | C-SPAN.org (Patronizing Government film contemporaneous to the IRA)
Indian Reorganization with Shiloh Maples • Spirit Plate
Many people associate Native American fashion with feather headdresses and fringed buckskin jackets. Learn about Indigenous fashion designers from the 1950s, until now who have brought their creativity and history to the world of fashion.

Groundbreaking fashion show spotlights work of Indigenous designers | PBS News
Native American fashion aims to reclaim its culture with authentic designs - YouTube
Lloyd Kiva New: Pioneering Native Fashion - YouTube
Native Fashion Redefined: SWAIA Showcasing Innovative Designers
BEYOND BUCKSKIN: Designer Profile | Margaret Wood
Pamela Baker named KPU first Indigenous Designer in Residence | Kwantlen Polytechnic University
Have you ever visited one of those quaint 18th century missions that ran up the west coast of California? Did the guide or brochure mention that they were built by forced labor of the indigenous people from the area? Did your long-ago study of the Gold Rush mention state-sanctioned killing of the California Indians? The indigenous population plummeted during the mission period but was reduced another 80% during the period during the Gold Rush and early statehood due to what one scholar has called genocide. Learn more about this little- publicized chapter of California history in this week's resources. Note: portions of the material are disturbing.

Why The Gold Rush Is One Of The Darkest Moments In US History | Whitewashed
Native American history: New law changes what students learn - CalMatters
California Indians – California Missions Foundation
Addressing the Wrongs of Serranus Hastings - UC Law San Francisco (Formerly UC Hastings)
November is Native American Heritage Month. When Spanish colonizers arrived in California, they bought livestock and plants that displaced the ecology that Native Americans had relied on for millennia. In October a small step to reverse the wresting of control from Native Americans was taken with the creation of the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary, more than 4,500 square miles of Pacific Ocean and coastline in the ancestral area inhabited by the Chumash and Salinan Peoples. This marine sanctuary will be the first managed by both NOAA and the indigenous people of the area.

The Chumash People -- A Living History on Vimeo
CLIP - Sovereignty Defined (Spring 2015) - YouTube
Representing the Chumash Way of Life
Chumash Culture — Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians
CLIP - A Linguistic Rebirth (Winter 2014/15) - YouTube
The newest national marine sanctuary is also the first to be led by a tribe : NPR
A New Marine Protected Area on America’s West Coast: Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary
Indigenous Heritage | Office of National Marine Sanctuaries
History — Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians
If you were to name FDR's major accomplishments, they would most likely be the numerous programs that comprised the New Deal. You might be surprised to learn that the architect of those programs was his Secretary of Labor, Frances Perkins, generally relegated to history books as the first woman Cabinet member. She brought a wealth of experience in worker safety and rights with her, along with a list of programs she wanted enacted on the Federal level before she would accept FDR's offer of the position of Secretary.
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Frances Perkins: First Female Presidential Cabinet Member | 7 Days Of Genius | MSNBC - YouTube
How a woman with Maine roots improved the lives of millions
Her Life - Frances Perkins Center
Frances Perkins | Americans and the Holocaust
Frances Perkins & Faith - Frances Perkins Center
Frances Perkins - FDR Presidential Library & Museum
Watch
The woman behind the New Deal : the life of Frances Perkins,... | Arlington Public Library
Did the 1992 movie A League of Their Own make you aware that women played baseball during World War II? Did you notice that all the players in this movie were White? In fact there were 11 Latina players in the league but because of colorism, only White-appearing women were permitted. Marge Villa was one of those players and she had a major impact during the heyday of the league. Learn more about her this week.

The baseball World Series is coming up and while there will be many Latinos on the field, there won't be any in the owner's boxes. Learn about the Latina who became the first Latinx person with an ownership interest in a major league team.

Linda Alvarado Kicks Off New Speaker Series With History Colorado (youtube.com)
Interview with Linda Alvarado, 2021 CREW Network Convention Featured Speaker (youtube.com)
Profile: Linda Alvarado scores firsts in her career field and the world of baseball - Denver Woman
Rockies Origin Stories: Part 1: Linda Alvarado - Purple Row
Our Story - Alvarado Restaurant Nation (teamarn.com)
Linda Alvarado- My Team, My Family (youtube.com) (14 sort segments)
Caitlin Clark has recently brought attention to women's basketball with her stellar college career and rookie season in the WNBA. But would there even still be a WNBA without two standout Latina players? Keep their accomplishments in mind as you watch the ongoing WNBA playoffs.

A diminutive, but mostly unheard of, immigrant from Guatemala helped pave the way for later Latinx figures like Dolores Huerta and Cesar Chavez. Learn about Luisa Moreno, who was an active union organizer from coast to coast.

A Christian, anarchist, feminist labor organizer in the early 20th century in Puerto Rico? Here is your opportunity to become acquainted with activist Luisa Capetillo.

Feminist Faves: Luisa Capetillo - Your Angry Neighborhood Feminist (podcast) | Listen Notes (some potentially offensive language)
Hispanic Heritage Month is celebrated from September 15 to October 15. This week learn about unequal pay and conditions at a New Mexico mine in 1950, a creative strike to effect some changes, and the blacklisted movie that memorialized it.

Labor Day is behind us for this year. When we think about the history of workers in the United States, we may overlook the millions of children who were in the labor force, often in dangerous jobs, as a result of the industrial revolution. Learn more about the increase in child laborers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the successful and unsuccessful efforts to limit children's work, images taken by a remarkable photographer now digitized by the Library of Congress, and efforts to track down descendants of some of the children captured in those photos.

Labor Photos Shed Light on Family History : NPR
It is Labor Day weekend, which is now mostly recognized as the first three-day weekend of the Fall. But looking back to the beginning of the 20th Century, the need for worker protections was becoming more apparent. Learn about efforts of immigrant Jewish women in garment manufacturing to obtain labor fairness and their surprising allies, the Mink Brigade.

Would you be surprised to find out that there is a connection, perhaps loose, between the Olympics and Christianity? Or that in the Victorian era concerns about the "feminization" of church resulted in the rise of Christian masculinity? And that one component of Christian masculinity was a focus on social action? Learn more in this week's resources.

When the Olympics were reestablished in 1896, it was open only for male athletes and generally somewhat exclusive. The workers movements in the 1920s and 1930s established their own versions of the sporting competition, open to all. Learn more about these games in this week's resources.

Although concerted efforts to boycott the 1936 Olympics failed, more than 6,000 athletes traveled to Barcelona in July 1936 for The People's Olympiad, meant to be an alternative to Hitler's Fascist spectacle. Learn about how it would have differed from an IOC games, why the athletes never had the opportunity to compete, and about some of the Americans who would have participated.

The other 1936 Olympics: The People’s Olympiad - YouTube
Have you been looking forward to the pomp and circumstance of this week's Olympic Opening Ceremony? We are familiar with Jesse Owens' historic performance at the 1936 Berlin Olympics but what if the United States had declined to participate? Learn about efforts to boycott those Olympics and whether the triumph of our Black athletes derailed the Nazi propaganda surrounding the Games at all.

Nazi Olympics: How Black and Jewish Athletes Challenged the "Master Race" (youtube.com)
You don't need to wait for adulthood before standing up for people at the margins. This week meet Emma Tenayuca, arrested while in high school for joining the cigar workers strike and later becoming the leader of the pecan worker strike, then the largest in Texas history, at age 21.

Is "microagressions" simply a trendy word or a half-century old subject of academic research? Hear from some of the experts in the field and why even unintentional or unconscious statements can be deeply damaging.

In 2019 the Museum of the Bible hosted an exhibit on the Slave Bible, an abridged version of the King James Bible created for the use of missionaries in the British West Indies to educate and convert enslaved workers there. Learn more about what was included and excluded, as well as a commentary on whether the project was as nefarious as it seems.

Slave Bible From The 1800s Omitted Key Passages That Could Incite Rebellion : NPR
Pride is celebrated in June mainly because it is the anniversary of the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York. But there were gay activists long before that, including a short-lived organization founded in Chicago in 1924. Add the names of its founder, Henry Gerber, and first President, John Graves, as well as another Chicagoan, lesbian lawyer Pearl Hart to the list of people who helped lay the foundation for the Gay Rights movement.

Watch
SIP OF HISTORY: HENRY GERBER (youtube.com)
John T. Graves: 1920s Clergyman and Gay Rights Activist - YouTube
Listen
https://www.listennotes.com/top-podcasts/henry-gerber/#episodes
Read
Meet Henry and Pearl… – Gerber/Hart Library and Archives (gerberhart.org)
Pearl M. Hart: Defender of the Oppressed and Vulnerable - Chicago History Museum
Pearl Hart's Life and Work · Pearl M. Hart · GH Exhibits (gerberhart.org)
LGBTQ Activism: The Henry Gerber House, Chicago, IL (U.S. National Park Service) (nps.gov)
Henry Gerber - Governors Island National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) (nps.gov)
Are you still gathering your summer reading list? The American Library Association's Stonewall Book Awards provide possibilities for all ages. Find the list in this week's resources along with information about the trailblazers for whom some of the awards are named.

The Pulse Nightclub shooting in 2016 has the unfortunate distinction of being the largest mass crime directed at LGBTQ+ individuals. Fifty-one years ago the largely unknown Upstairs Lounge fire, which killed 32 people in New Orleans, occurred. Learn more about this tragedy in this week's resources. Note that there are disturbing descriptions and images.

After UpStairs Lounge Fire At New Orleans Gay Bar, An Unwavering Resolve: 'We Never Ran Away' : NPR
The image that has been cultivated of World War II soldiers rarely encompasses the thousands of gays and lesbians who served. This week learn more about the efforts to keep LGBTQ individuals out of service, to discharge those who were subsequently identified, acceptance by their peers, and Army sponsored drag shows.

What It Was Like to Be Gay During WWII Smithsonian Magazine
WW2 and the Progress of the LGBTQ Culture (youtube.com)
Coming Out Under Fire: Trailer (youtube.com)
WWII & NYC: Staging Soldier Shows from Burma to Broadway (youtube.com)
The Role of Drag Performances in Boosting Morale During WWII (youtube.com)
“Gee!! I Wish I Were A Man”: Queer Americans in World War II (wwiimemorialfriends.org)
When the Military Expelled LGBTQ Soldiers With 'Blue Discharges' | HISTORY
Performing Soldiers: Drag as a Safe Space for Men in the American Military (mjhnyc.org)
You may have heard the term "two spirit" associated with Native Americans. Is it the same as LGBTQ+? This week learn about the traditional acknowledgement and acceptance in indigenous cultures of people who reflected gender nonconformity (from the European perspective), including a Zuni "princess" who was a guest at the White House in the 1880s.
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Memorial Day is a day to honor people who died in active military service. This week's resources honor one Asian-American WASP pilot who died in service and highlight two other remarkable women who served in World War II.

StoryCorps: Their 'Tough' Mom Was Also The Navy's 1st Asian American Woman : NPR
The battle for women's suffrage at the national level took more than 70 years and in the end benefited mainly white women. But many women took part in the long pressure campaign even though they did not personally obtain the right to vote at that time. During Asian-American Pacific Islander month find out about some women in the AAPI community who worked for suffrage.

Native Hawaiian Women Who Rallied for Suffrage (Narrated) (youtube.com)
People sometimes equate the immigration centers at Ellis Island and Angel Island. But if someone was an immigrant from China during the functioning of Angel Island's station, there was no Statue of Liberty waiting to welcome them, just days, weeks or months of detention and interrogation. Learn more about how the station functioned during the Chinese Exclusion Act and reflect on the human spirit of some of the detainees who passed their time writing poetry.

Pacific Gateway Video For Stereo 360 on Vimeo
Breaking the Silence on Angel Island’s Immigration Station | KQED
May is Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month. Like most of the "heritage" months in our calendar, many groups have been lumped together even if they are more likely to describe themselves in relation to their country of origin. Learn more from the Pew Research Center about the people who comprise Asian Americans.

We are indebted to FDR's vision to put men to work during the Depression years, resulting in the creation of the Civilian Conservation Corps and creation of outdoor spaces that we still use. However, like other programs during the Jim Crow years, the opportunities were not equally available to everyone who was unemployed. Nonetheless, those who were able to participate generally benefitted from the experience.
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Crosscut Now | Mar. 29, 2023 - How racism reshaped the CCC | Season 4 | PBS