Racial Equity Resource Archive

The Bracero Program

10/1/23

Week of:

October 1, 2023

The Bracero Program

The need for agricultural workers (and to a lesser extent railroad and factory workers) during World War II resulted in a bilateral agreement between the United States and Mexico that became known as the bracero program. Learn more about this guest worker program that lasted well beyond the war years and the generally positive reaction of the participants despite harsh conditions.

Braceros, or Mexican farm workers, are shown in this undated photo in California. From 1942 until 1964, about 4.5 million Mexicans were brought in to temporarily work in U.S. farm fields. The braceros, now in their 70s, 80s and 90s, are still fighting to recover the the money that was deducted from their wages and promised by Mexico's government. via calmatters.org

History

Latinx

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Under 10 Minutes

Watch

‍Travelling Smithsonian Exhibit Highlights Bracero Worker Program - YouTube‍
‍The Braceros at 80 - YouTube

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August 4 - The Bracero Program | Labor History in 2:00 (podbean.com)

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‍Time is running out for the braceros - CalMatters‍
‍Smithsonian scholar examines legacy of the U.S.-Mexico Bracero Program | YaleNews‍
‍Mexican Braceros and US Farm Workers | Wilson Center

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Under 1 Hour

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‍VOICES FROM THE BORDER / THE BRACERO LEGACY on Vimeo (Click closed captions for English captions)
‍ViewFinder | Los Braceros: Strong Arms to Aid the USA | Season 3 | Episode 12 | PBS

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Listen

‍amhistory.si.edu/thinkfinity/podcast/bracero_project.mp3‍
‍Podcast 3: Break-Down of the Bracero Program in cal ag roots (soundcloud.com)‍
‍♫ Bracero Program (iheart.com)‍
‍Braceros: The Controversial History of US-Mexico Farm Worker Programs with Dr. Matthew Garcia – Young Farmers Podcast – Podcast – Podtail

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‍Bittersweet Harvest: Introduction/Introducción | National Museum of American History (si.edu)‍
‍Braceros: History, Compensation - Rural Migration News | Migration Dialogue (ucdavis.edu)

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Browse Items · Bracero History Archive (braceroarchive.org)

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Events

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For Families

Mexican Immigration to Chicago

9/24/23

Week of:

September 24, 2023

Mexican Immigration to Chicago

A market in Chicago's Logan Square neighborhood on the West Side. The West Side has a majority Hispanic population, including a large number of Mexican immigrants. Flickr/gabrielxmichael

Latinx

History

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Under 10 Minutes

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‍ Mike Amezcua, Making Mexican Chicago, from the IEHS Online Books Series, Fall, 2022 - YouTube‍
‍Chicago history: How Pilsen transitioned from Bohemian neighborhood to heart of city's Mexican community - ABC7 Chicago

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‍Why Chicago Is Still the No. 2 U.S. City for Mexican Immigrants - Bloomberg‍
‍Chicago and Its Mexican Immigrants—a Need Like No Other | Chicago Council on Global Affairs‍
‍The US Arrested Her—Then She Changed Chicago - Public Books

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Under 1 Hour

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The evolution of Mexican immigration in Chicago - YouTube

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Listen

Episode 25: Mexican Migration to the U.S. (15minutehistory.org)

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For Families

Hispanics and the Founding of America

9/17/23

Week of:

September 17, 2023

Hispanics and the Founding of America

Hispanic Heritage Month begins September 15 because that is Independence Day for five Latin American nations. This week's resources highlight two Spanish men who helped America achieve its independence.

Bernardo de Galvez Statue, Central Business District, New Orleans, Louisiana via Alamy

Latinx

History

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Under 10 Minutes

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Spanish Participation in the American Revolution - YouTube

Hispanics belong to the US | Guillermo Fesser | TEDxSaintLouisUniversityMadrid - YouTube

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DAR: Bernardo De Galvez • Our Patriots DAR Podcast (spotify.com)

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The Little-Remembered Ally Who Helped America Win the Revolution | History| Smithsonian Magazine

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AmRev360: Spain's Role in the American Revolution with Gonzalo M. Quintero Saravia - YouTube

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The untold history–Season 2 | Episode 7: Bernardo de Gálvez - YouTube

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A Forgotten Hero of the American Revolution: Juan de Miralles and the Relationship between Spain and the United States – digestible intellect (wordpress.com)

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The American Revolution on the Spanish Borderlands - The American Revolution Institute

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Spain and the independence of the United States : an... | Arlington Public Library (arlingtonva.us)

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Read Aloud: "Get to Know Bernardo de Gálvez" by Guillermo Fesser - YouTube

Early Black Unions

9/10/23

Week of:

September 10, 2023

Early Black Unions

Although the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (Pullman Porters ) which was in last week's resources is often described as the first Black trade union, in fact there were organizations that preceded it or were essentially contemporaneous. Here is an opportunity to learn more about some of them.

via black-culture.com

History

Black

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Under 10 Minutes

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‍Labor Day Black History | Newsflash––black labor built this country. Here's your Labor Day black history lesson: | By The Root | Facebook‍

‍Moments in Labor and Black History: the American League of Colored Laborers - YouTube‍

‍The Revolutionary Life of Lucy Parsons - Bing video

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‍Isaac Myers: Pioneer of the African-American Trade Union Movement | American Postal Workers Union (apwu.org)‍

‍Labor History: From caulker to labor leader - PEF Communicator‍

‍Black Women Built That: Labor and Workers’ Rights - National Women's Law Center (nwlc.org)‍

‍The Colored National Labor Union, a story - African American Registry (aaregistry.org)‍

‍5 Black-led labor unions that have paved the way for Black workers' rights (chicagocrusader.com)‍

‍African Americans and the Labor Movement – Black Culture (black-culture.com)

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Under 1 Hour

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Labor Unions Part 1 – Black History for White People – Podcast – Podtail

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African Americans and the American Labor Movement | National Archives

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For Families

Pullman Porters

9/3/23

Week of:

September 3, 2023

Pullman Porters

It is Labor Day weekend and an opportunity to learn about what is often considered to be the first Black labor union, the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, also known as Pullman Porters.

An unnamed Pullman porter works at Chicago's Union Station in 1943. Jack Delano/Library of Congress

History

Black

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Under 10 Minutes

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Pullman Porters - YouTube

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‍Five Things to Know About Pullman Porters | Smart News| Smithsonian Magazine

‍Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (1925-1978) • (blackpast.org)

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Under 1 Hour

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‍"Rise from the Rails: The Story of the Pullman Porter" --DemocracyNow! - YouTube‍

‍Labor Beat: Pullman Porters - Ordinary Men That Changed a Nation - YouTube

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‍Pullman Porters & the History of the Black Working Class | Unsung History (unsunghistorypodcast.com)‍

‍Interludes - Men of Distinction: The Pullman Porters (google.com)

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10,000 Men named George - YouTube

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Rising from the rails : Pullman porters and the making of the... | Arlington Public Library (arlingtonva.us)

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For Families

Maroon Communities outside the US

8/27/23

Week of:

August 27, 2023

Maroon Communities outside the US

"Maroons" — enslaved persons who resisted and freed themselves — were found throughout the Americas. Learn more about some of the communities outside the United States in this week's resources.

A Jamaican sugar plantation, depicted in 1820-1821 via Wikimedia Commons

History

Slavery

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‍The Obscured History of Jamaica's Maroon Societies - JSTOR Daily‍

‍Maroon Resistance (caribbean-atlas.com)‍

‍A New Discovery Puts Panama as the Site of the First Successful Slave Rebellion | History| Smithsonian Magazine

‍Maroon Tribes and Indigenous Peoples in Suriname (arcgis.com)

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Under 1 Hour

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‍What do you know about Maroon communities? - YouTube‍

‍Underground Railroad Where? (arcgis.com)

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♫ Jamaica's Maroon Wars (iheart.com)

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Benkos Biohó: The Runaway Slave Who Established the First Free African Town in the Americas in 1599 - TalkAfricana

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For Families

Maroon Communities in the South

8/20/23

Week of:

August 20, 2023

Maroon Communities in the South

We have recently focused on self-emancipated communities, called maroons, in the Great Dismal Swamp along the Virginia-North Carolina border. This week we will look at similar communities in other Southern states.

Black Seminole War Leader Abraham (State Archives of Florida)

History

Slavery

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Book TV: Sylviane Diouf, "Slavery's Exiles: The Story of the American Maroons." - YouTube

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More Than A Runaway: Maroons In Louisiana | WWNO

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‍Maroons | South Carolina Encyclopedia (scencyclopedia.org)‍

‍The Black Maroons of Florida (1693-1850) • (blackpast.org)‍

‍Maroons in Antebellum New Orleans: Independence at Any Cost - Stop 8 of 9 on the Urban Slavery and Everyday Resistance tour | New Orleans Historical‍

‍Jean Saint Malo: The Man, Maroon, & Martyr (noirnnola.com)

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TAMPA BAY'S Secret HISTORY of BLACK RESISTANCE: The Angola Maroon Community of Bradenton, Florida. - YouTube

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The story of American Maroons with Timothy Lockley - YouTube

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FESTBK1992_28.pdf (si.edu)

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Slavery's exiles : the story of the American Maroons / | Arlington Public Library (arlingtonva.us)

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Moses Grandy

8/13/23

Week of:

August 13, 2023

Moses Grandy

Last week we learned about the Great Dismal Swamp as a place of refuge for self-emancipating enslaved people. This week learn about Moses Grandy, who became a proficient boatman in the swamp.

via Boston Public Library

History

Slavery

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Moses Grandy Story & Great Dismal Swamp - YouTube

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‍A Life in Bondage: The Narrative of Moses Grandy | Beehive (masshist.org)‍

‍Grandy, Moses | NCpedia

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‍An Oral History Interview with Mr Eric Sheppard with Chris Lowie. Great Dismal Swamp. July 20, 2023. - YouTube ‍

NC Bookwatch | Bland Simpson, Two Captains from Carolina | Season 15 | Episode 1527 | PBS

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Narrative of the life of Moses Grandy : formerly a slave in the United States of America : Grandy, Moses, b. 1786? : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive

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Resistance in the Great Dismal Swamp

8/6/23

Week of:

August 6, 2023

Resistance in the Great Dismal Swamp

Self-emancipating enslaved people along the Virginia--North Carolina border, and others, created a society in the Great Dismal Swamp that lasted for about two centuries. Learn more about this example of slave resistance in this week's resources.

PHILBROOK MUSEUM OF ART VIA WIKIMEDIA COMMONS

History

Slavery

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Under 10 Minutes

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‍The secret society of the Great Dismal Swamp | Once described as uninhabitable, the Great Dismal Swamp was actually home to a secret society until the mid-19th century. So who lived there, and what... | By TED-Ed | Facebook‍

‍Inside the Historic Swamp Refuge for African-American Slaves - YouTube

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‍Great Dismal Swamp an irreplaceable hub of Black and Indigenous history | The Wilderness Society‍

‍Petit Marronage in the Great Dismal Swamp - Encyclopedia Virginia

‍‍Longfellow: The Slave in the Dismal Swamp, Poems on Slavery (hwlongfellow.org)

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Refuge in the Great Dismal Swamp - YouTube

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Deep in the Swamps, Archaeologists Are Finding How Fugitive Slaves Kept Their Freedom | History| Smithsonian Magazine

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Encyclopedia Virginia's EntryPoint Presents: The Great Dismal Swamp: Past and Present - YouTube

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‍Dismal freedom : a history of the maroons of the Great Dismal... | Arlington Public Library (arlingtonva.us)‍

‍A desolate place for a defiant people : the archaeology of... | Arlington Public Library (arlingtonva.us)

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For Families

Anne Braden

7/30/23

Week of:

July 30, 2023

Anne Braden

Sometimes it is helpful to have a role model to provide inspiration and encouragement. Few of us have heard of Anne Braden, whose long involvement with civil rights spanned six decades. Learn about Anne and her husband Carl's arrest for transferring a house to a Black World War II veteran and watch six short videos of Anne explaining her journey from a child of the South to a lifetime of activism.

via crossculturalsolidarity.com

History

Women

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‍Women’s History Month: The Legacy of Anne Braden (spectrumnews1.com)‍
‍Anne Braden - Veterans of Hope (six short videos)

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Anne Braden - YouTube

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‍Mission and Vision — Anne Braden Institute for Social Justice Research (louisville.edu)‍
‍Anne Braden - Americans Who Tell The Truth

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Anne Braden : southern patriot. | Arlington Public Library (arlingtonva.us)

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Black Freedom White Allies Red Scare | “The anti-communist hysteria and the anti-black hysteria were all wrapped up in a ball and hurled at us.” -Anne Braden

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‍The Life of Anne Braden, Part One: Finding Her Way to the Movement - Cross Cultural Solidarity ‍
The Life of Anne Braden, Part Two: a Life in the Movement - Cross Cultural Solidarity

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Anne Braden | Living the Story: The Rest of the Story (ket.org)

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